(One Hundred Questions on Waterproofing) There are many reasons for #69window frame leakage, and most of them can be divided into which categories?
Answer: It can be divided into two main categories: (i) Leaks caused by poor machining of hardware components in the window frame itself or improper installation: (1) The sealing of the window frame’s straight and curved parts: […]
(One hundred questions about waterproofing) Question #68: Some people say that the expense of cladding the exterior walls is too much to bear; construction from the outside is also very extensive; why not just install tiles indoors to completely solve the problem? Is this a correct view? If it is not possible to do the cladding from the outside, can it be done from the inside?
Answer: (i) Of course, that is incorrect! This kind of haphazard construction that overlooks the big picture and fails to address the root cause is ultimately a waste of resources and a waste of labor. In the short term, it may have good results, but in the long run it will be a waste of time and money.
(One Hundred Questions on Waterproofing) Old-style apartments located on the #67th floor or below often have spider-web-like cracks in the exterior walls, causing indoor water seepage and wall cancer. How should waterproofing be repaired? After waterproofing is completed, the wall cancer problem still persists after the interior is repainted. How can it be resolved?
Answer: (i) The exterior structures of the old apartments below the fifth floor are mostly made of reinforced brick construction, and the surfaces are mostly waterproofed with seven-inch stone powder or cement paint; if the mortar quality is not good, the surface will be easily damaged by rain and wind.
(#66One Hundred Questions About Waterproofing) Houses with attics that have been converted into additional floors often have water seepage or peeling paint on the walls at the corner of the stairs. Why is this happening? How can it be prevented?
A: Almost half of the terraced houses have some kind of annoying water seepage phenomenon. Moreover, this water seepage usually continues even after the weather is sunny for several days. […]
(One Hundred Questions on Waterproofing) #65 is limited by the building coverage ratio and the width of the alley; the exterior wall must be retracted into a sloped structure. If the exterior wall structure is completely remodeled, why is it particularly easy to leak water? How can it be prevented?
A: As shown in Figures A and B, after the renovation, due to the poor bond between the old and new concrete, it is particularly prone to joint leakage, which is an unavoidable defect and must be prevented beforehand. […]
(One Hundred Questions on Waterproofing) How can we prevent leakage of water from indirect seams and shear stress cracks in exterior walls during construction of #64new projects? What are the construction standards for this?
A: It is recommended that construction companies order waterproofing separately for the external wall joints and the shear cracks on the window edges before painting the exterior walls. The cost of waterproofing beforehand is definitely much lower than the cost of painting the exterior walls.
(One Hundred Questions on Waterproofing)#63 Why are terraced houses with reinforced brick structures particularly prone to water leakage or the formation of wall rot? How can it be prevented beforehand? How can it be remedied afterwards?
Answer: (i) The causes of the leakage: (1) The red brick exterior wall leaks when subjected to earthquakes or structural subsidence, resulting in cracking. (2) The cross beams […]
(One Hundred Questions About Waterproofing) The floor tiles in the room of #62Fengtu Wall will leak when it rains. Most of the time, what causes this? Why is this area particularly prone to leakage?
Answer: Most of the problems are caused by indirect seams in the exterior walls (especially in exposed beam areas). (1) Because the exterior walls are […]
(One Hundred Questions on Waterproofing) #61 Why does the exterior of a building, even with only minor defects, cause the entire interior wall to become discolored or moldy? What is the most common mistake that decoration workers make?
Answer: (i) It is caused by moisture stagnating or accumulating inside the walls due to partial defects on the exterior wall. This moisture forms water vapor after the sun shines, and during the evaporation process, it carries a large amount of heat.
(One Hundred Questions on #60Waterproofing): Apart from structural cracking (such as shear-induced cracks) that causes water leakage, what are the most common types of joint systems that cause leakage?
Answer: (i) Construction Joint — The gaps created by the overlap of the old and new concrete or the RC with different materials […]
(One Hundred Questions on Waterproofing) What are the different types of external wall leakage caused by #59? Because of the different structural designs, do they also produce different types of physical phenomena of leakage?
Answer: (i) Classification of reasons for exterior wall leakage: (1) Cracking caused by structural problems. (2) Leaks caused by improper connections between exterior wall layers. […]
(One Hundred Questions on Waterproofing) In the open space courtyard in the #58th floor, water leakage has occurred due to cracking in the floor slab. If we need to repair and renovate the water leakage on the courtyard, it would be too much trouble. Is it possible to repair the water leakage directly from the ceiling in the ground floor? What are the various methods of repair?
A: The courtyard is leaking due to cracks; the construction was carried out directly from the basement ceiling; if the construction method is correct and the techniques are proficient, the probability of stopping the leakage can reach over 70%. Generally speaking, it basically consists of […]
(One Hundred Questions About Waterproofing) What are the differences between waterproofing for #57hot spring pools and swimming pool waterproofing? What is the best method of construction?
A: The main difference between hot spring pools and swimming pools in terms of waterproofing is that they must be able to withstand both acid and alkaline conditions—(1) The area of hot spring pools is generally smaller, and they are generally built using FRP construction.
(One Hundred Questions About Waterproofing) What are the common construction methods for swimming pools in recreational areas of #56new construction sites? And what is the best construction method?
Answer: (i) The most commonly used FRP construction method on the market today is the five-layer FRP method (that is, a three-layer unsaturated polyester coating with two layers of glass fiber mesh sandwiched in between). This construction method is […]
(One hundred questions about waterproofing)#55 Can the waterproofing in the courtyard be done after the flowerbed tiles are installed and the overall structure is complete? Why?
A: Not recommended. Waterproofing should be applied directly to the original structure; the waterproofing of the courtyard should be fully integrated, so it is best to first waterproof the entire courtyard floor, and only after that to complete the waterproofing of the courtyard floor.
(One hundred questions about waterproofing) #54 Why is the water-resistant elastic waterproof adhesive applied to the interior of the building? To achieve a thickness of 3mm or more, must it be applied in more than 5 coats; is it possible to apply a thickness of 2mm at once?
A: In general, water-based waterproof adhesives have a higher elongation rate after curing than PU or waterproof felt. The problem is that these water-soluble elastic materials such as vulcanized rubber or acrylic rubber are brittle and easily deformed.
(One Hundred Questions on Waterproofing of #53New Construction Sites): The waterproofing of the courtyard of the new construction site was originally intended to be a petroleum-based waterproof material, but during the construction process, continuous thunderstorms caused the concrete base to remain wet, affecting the progress of subsequent construction and the issuance of the use permit; is it possible to replace it with water-based, elasticized, and cured waterproof adhesive or elasticized cement?
Answer: Not recommended. (1) Generally speaking, the majority of water leakage in the courtyard occurs due to cracks in the floor, construction seams at corners and intersections, corners, and between ventilation ducts, as well as around the manhole and water outlet.
(One Hundred Questions on Waterproofing) #52 Why is the same waterproof material applied to the roof and the central courtyard; yet the failure rate in the central courtyard is far higher than that of the roof?
Answer: According to my years of experience, when a new construction site starts, the roofing and the central courtyard are waterproofed using materials of the same brand, contracted by the same contractor, and with the same batch of workers. However, the work is still not completed.
(One Hundred Questions About Waterproofing) #51 Why do tree roots damage the waterproof layer? What are the solutions?
Answer: During the growth process, tree roots secrete a type of “root acid”; this organic acid not only corrodes highly alkaline cement and concrete, but also damages the bridge structure’s waterproof layer. […]
(One Hundred Questions on Waterproofing) #50: In new construction projects, what material properties should be considered when waterproofing the courtyard? What other important aspects should be taken into account during construction?
Answer: (i) The basic requirements for the material used for waterproof materials should be: (1) high adhesion; (2) high elongation; (3) high tensile strength and tear strength […]
(One Hundred Questions About Waterproofing) In construction sites where #49new open spaces are being built, what areas are most prone to water leakage?
Answer: (1) The floor has shear cracks caused by uneven subsidence or displacement of the foundation due to the earthquake. (2) Shear cracks have formed near all the columns. (3) The […]
(#48One hundred questions on waterproofing) What material or construction method can not only achieve significant indoor thermal insulation and cooling, but also have a permanent waterproof function?
A: Based on my 30-year experience, I believe the best construction method (I have had hundreds of successful cases at luxury housing sites in Taipei; the client feedback is the best; not only in the summer, the highest temperature is 40°C).
(One Hundred Questions on Waterproofing) #47: Will thermal insulation affect the lifespan of the waterproofing? What types of roof insulation materials are currently available on the market?
A: (1) Most waterproof materials are not afraid of water; they are afraid of the sun (the ultraviolet rays and ozone in the sun have a great destructive effect on waterproof materials). Therefore, when waterproof materials are exposed to the sun, they will deteriorate quickly.
(One Hundred Questions on Waterproofing) #46: The slope roof structure of a terraced house is generally waterproof. What are the differences from conventional flat roofs? What are the key points to be considered?
A: (1) After the RC concrete on the roof is poured, there is usually a process of shaking and crumbling, and the overall surface becomes rough. However, the RC concrete on the sloping roof does not have this process, so the surface is prone to unevenness and cracks.
(One Hundred Questions on Waterproofing) Which type of material should be used for #45anti-sloping roof waterproofing? What should be noted?
Answer: (1) The construction seams around all drainage pipes, through-pipes, and corners must be pre-drilled with grooves, and reinforced with water-based resin mortar or non-shrinkage waterproof cement. […]
(One Hundred Questions on Waterproofing) Which parts of the #44-beam roof are most prone to water leakage? Why?
Answer: The most likely areas for water leakage in a gable roof are: (i) the pipes that run around the eaves; (ii) structural cracks in the flat part of the roof; (iii) the roof itself and the flat part of the roof.
(One Hundred Questions on Waterproofing) Leaks in the roof of a #43-story steel-plate deck (deck), especially on the steel-frame terraces and roofs: why are partial repairs particularly difficult? What are the key points to be considered in newly constructed waterproofing projects?
Answer: (i) The terraces and flat roofs on the deck are built with lightweight concrete 7 or 15 centimeters thick on steel layers, and most of the retaining walls are made of PC […]
(One Hundred Questions on Waterproofing) After applying the #42-inch roof PU waterproofing, I first let the water sit for 3 days to test if there is any leakage. Will this ensure that no leakage occurs for the next five years or more?
A: After the roof waterproofing work is completed, we will conduct a water test first. This is a necessary procedure, but it still cannot ensure that there will be no leakage in the next five years or more because: (1) The P […]
(One Hundred Questions on Waterproofing) #41: When performing waterproofing work on roofs, what are the key points to pay attention to for areas such as centralized water meter locations, water supply and drainage pipes, fire-fighting water pipes, cooling tower side areas, or base structures?
Answer: (1) Construction procedures – Waterproofing should be carried out before the plumbing installation and before all base plates and pipe support structures are cast in place; the procedure cannot be reversed. ( […]
(One Hundred Questions on Waterproofing) Question #40: Is there a new waterproof construction method or special waterproof materials that can be directly applied to the covering layer to achieve permanent leakage prevention?
A: In Japan, there is a so-called breather buffer construction method—the insulation-based polyurethane (PU) construction method (see “Waterproofing Construction Methods” in the book, p. 123, p. 126). […]